Butyl alcohol (c4h9oh), any of four organic compounds having the same molecular formula but different structures: Oxidation of secondary alcohols, ketones. Larger, more complicated alcohols are often isolated from volatile oils of plants by the process of steam distillation. Methanol (methyl alcohol) was originally produced by heating wood chips in the absence of air. An oxygen atom normally forms two σ bonds with other atoms; Oxidation (see oxidation-reduction) of primary alcohols yields aldehydes and (if taken further) carboxylic acids; Alcohols can combine with many kinds of acids to form esters. Many alcohols occur naturally and are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds because of the characteristic chemical reactions of the hydroxyl group. · alcohol - boiling point, solubility, flammability: Methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, and isopropyl alcohol are free-flowing liquids with fruity odours. Most of the common alcohols are colourless liquids at room temperature. The reaction, called fischer esterification, is characterized by the combining of an alcohol and an acid (with acid catalysis) to yield an ester plus. The plant material is boiled in water, and the volatile oils are carried over by the steam, condensed, and separated from the water. Methanol is synthesized commercially by a catalytic reaction of. This process led to the name wood alcohol as another common name for methanol. A multistep synthesis may use grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality. All four of these alcohols have important industrial applications. The higher alcohols—those containing 4 to 10 carbon atoms—are somewhat viscous, or oily, and they have heavier fruity odours. When no type of acid is specified, the word ester is assumed to mean a carboxylic ester, the ester of an alcohol and a carboxylic acid. · alcohol - esterification, chemistry, reactions: N -butyl alcohol is a solvent for paints, resins, and other coatings, and it is a component of. Some of the highly branched alcohols and many. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Normal (n -) butyl alcohol, secondary (sec -) butyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and tertiary (t -) butyl alcohol. Alcohols may be considered as organic derivatives of water (h2o) in which a hydrogen atom has been replaced by an alkyl group. · alcohol, any of a class of organic compounds with one or more hydroxyl groups attached to a carbon atom of an alkyl group. · chemical compound - alcohols, phenols, structure: The water molecule, h2o, is the simplest and most common example. · alcohol - organic compounds, structure, classification: When a hydroxyl group is joined to an alkane framework, an alcohol such as ethanol, is produced. · alcohol - fermentation, synthesis, distillation: Some of the carbohydrates in the wood are broken down to form methanol, and the methanol vapour is then condensed. When the hydroxyl. (see chemical bonding for a discussion of hybrid orbitals. ) alkyl groups are generally bulkier than hydrogen atoms, however, so the r―o―h bond angle in. If one hydrogen atom is removed from a water molecule, a hydroxyl functional group (―oh) is generated. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Examples include ethanol, methanol, and isopropyl alcohol. · alcohol - ethanol, methanol, propanol: The common sources of methanol, ethanol, and isopropyl alcohol have been discussed above. · alcohol - reactions, chemistry, uses:
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Butyl alcohol (c4h9oh), any of four organic compounds having the same molecular formula but different structures: Oxidation of secondary alcohols, ketones. Larger, more complicated alcohols...
